climpred.metrics._mul_bias¶

climpred.metrics._mul_bias(forecast: xarray.Dataset, verif: xarray.Dataset, dim: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None, **metric_kwargs: Any) → xarray.Dataset[source]¶

Multiplicative bias.

$\text{multiplicative bias} = f / o$

Parameters

forecast – Forecast.
verif – Verification data.
dim – Dimension(s) to perform metric over
metric_kwargs – see xarray.mean

Notes

minimum	-∞
maximum	∞
perfect	1.0
orientation	None

Example

>>> HindcastEnsemble.verify(
...     metric="multiplicative_bias",
...     comparison="e2o",
...     alignment="same_verifs",
...     dim="init",
... )
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:  (lead: 10)
Coordinates:
  * lead     (lead) int32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    skill    <U11 'initialized'
Data variables:
    SST      (lead) float64 0.719 0.9991 1.072 1.434 ... 1.854 2.128 2.325 2.467
Attributes:
    prediction_skill_software:     climpred https://climpred.readthedocs.io/
    skill_calculated_by_function:  HindcastEnsemble.verify()
    number_of_initializations:     64
    number_of_members:             10
    alignment:                     same_verifs
    metric:                        mul_bias
    comparison:                    e2o
    dim:                           init
    reference:                     []

climpred documentation

climpred.metrics._mul_bias¶